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Infrastructure

Capital Markets Infrastructure

The systems connecting issuers, intermediaries, and investors: trading venues, central counterparties, central securities depositories, and settlement systems. This section describes how a trade moves from execution through clearing to final settlement.

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Quantitative Methods

Financial Engineering

Quantitative and legal techniques used to model cash flows, price derivatives, and measure the risk exposure of a financial instrument. Topics include discounting methods, volatility modeling, and scenario analysis at a conceptual level.

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Structuring

Investment Product Structuring

How structured products are assembled from underlying assets, derivative overlays, and contractual terms such as payoff formulas, barriers, and maturity conditions. Described at a general, non-transactional level.

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Risk & Valuation

Risk and Valuation Frameworks

Concepts used to assess market, credit, and liquidity risk, and the valuation approaches applied to instruments without observable market prices, at an introductory level.

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Compliance

Regulatory and Compliance Context

An overview of the regulatory frameworks that apply to capital markets participants in the European Union and Germany, including references to relevant public authorities and legislation.

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Data

Data and Analytics Infrastructure

The role of market data, reference data, and reporting infrastructure in supporting trading, risk management, and regulatory reporting functions.